Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) is an IPv6 distance vector routing protocol that is mainly intended for WSN and IoT. It is standardized as a proactive tree-based routing protocol for the IoT network with thousands of constrained nodes. We guide research scholars in implementing RPL Protocol Code with expert guidance. This page mainly talks about the trending research areas in RPL Protocol with its recent applications!!!
Where is RPL protocol used?
RPL is a routing protocol to create network routes, share route information, and adopt topology for wireless systems with short power intake. In a wireless sensor network, RPL protocol is implemented for healthcare and medical application due to its good response time. At the moment, the routes are available on top of the request. Besides, it does not flood the network by overall network topology data. And to a limited extent, the neighbors interchange only local information.
Contiki is a small open-source operating system where the RPL Protocol code is highly implemented. It is designed and launched for several small systems ranging from 8-bit processors to integrated systems on microcontrollers. In essence, the deployment of RPL should be adapted to real application scenarios.
RPL Protocol Applications
- Smart Grid (SG) – SG is referred to as a Power System with Smart Grid Communication Network (SGCN). Further, it is subdivided into Home Area Network (HAN), Industrial Area Network (IAN), and Neighborhood Area Network (NAN).
- Machine-to-Machine (M2M) – It does not need outer assistance to realize autonomous communication of closed systems in various fields
- Agriculture Greenhouse – Here, RPL protocol meets the greenhouse scenarios requests by providing decent results with respect to hop count and residual energy. And also, it attains better performance in terms of time delay, packet delivery rate, and base station packet error with multi-path developments.
- Medical Applications – It involves dynamic and hybrid network security topology where mobile nodes are employed as leaf nodes. Here, it only sends DIS to request parents in regardless of broadcasting DIO.
Research Topics in RPL Protocol
- Secure Mitigation over DAO Attack
- DDoS Attacks Detection and Mitigation
- RPL Protocol based Control Messages
- Identification of Routing Attacks
- RPL Protocol assisted Load balancing with Routing
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Here, our experts have given you some information about the RPL protocol performance appraisal which helps the scholars to get the fine-tuned result of their PhD research. In this, we have mentioned the suitable simulators that support RPL protocol with the important parameters used for the performance evaluation.
Performance Analysis of RPL Protocol
So far, there are many simulation tools and technologies used for assessing RPL performance but this is not constantly suited for a large-scale simulation. More than below specified simulators, if you want to know more development tools and technologies that we are supporting in our RPL Protocol Code service, then you can approach matlab programming expert panle team.
Network Simulators for RPL Protocol Code
- JSim
- When IEEE 802.11 uses MAC protocol, and it is provisioned with multiple protocols which are restricted to enable RPL along with JSim
- Conditions:
- Though the execution takes more time, it supports simulation scale of around 500 nodes
- Increase in Complexity and decrease in efficiency
- Supported OS: Linux, MAC, and Windows
- Supported Programming Language: Java and TCL script languages
- Cooja
- Comprehensive support of RPL
- Incorporated with Contiki OS
- Absence of specific energy consumption model
- Conditions:
- Moderately minimum inefficiency
- Restricted to simulation scale between 200-500 nodes
- Lengthy processing time
- Supported OS: Linux, Mac, and Windows
- Supported Programming Language: Standard C
- TOSSIM
- In TinyRPL, enables Mobile Peer-to-Peer(MP2P), Peer-to-Peer(P2P), Point-to-Multipoint(P2MP) traffic
- However, TinyRPL is not fully reinforced on the TOSSIM simulator which needs a micaz binary
- Conditions:
- Capable of supporting thousands of nodes
- Supported OS: Meant especially for Tiny OS applications to be work on MICA Motes
- Supported Programming Language: C++ and Python
- NS-2
- Object-oriented design which supports new protocol creation and use
- Extends the support in general WSN simulation
- In WSN, the problems of the bandwidth, power consumption, or energy-saving are not simulated
- Conditions:
- Capable of less than 100 nodes
- Quite complex and time-consuming
- Only slightly maintained low
- Supported OS: General simulator and compatible with Linux, Mac, and Windows
- Supported Programming Language: C++ and OTcl
- Ns-3
- Not backward compatible with Ns-2
- Designing of Internet protocols
- Weak in both MAC layer and PHY layer improvement support
- Conditions:
- Support of large scale but beyond 400+ nodes may end up with unrealistic results.
- Supported OS: General simulator and compatible with Linux, Mac, and Windows
- Supported Programming Language: C++ and Python scripts
- OMNeT++
- Provides several frameworks to deploy the RPL network. At that time, the integration of the modules may leads to compatible problems
- Extends the support in general WSN simulation
- Support energy consumption along with mobility models
- Conditions:
- Scale-free simulator
- Supported OS: General simulator and compatible with Linux, Mac, and Windows
- Supported Programming Language: C++ and NED languages
Performance Analysis in RPL Protocol
In general, the performance metrics employed in the RPL protocol code can be presented in three classes. And they are given as follows,
- QoS Metrics – Average Delay, Overhead of RPL Control Message, and Delivery Ratio of Data Packets
- Accuracy Metrics – True Positives, True Negatives, False Positives, False Negatives
- Resource Requirement Metrics – Average Consumption of Power, Requirements of RAM and ROM
More than QoS, resource requirement, and accuracy metrics, there are other performance metrics are available. And they are described below,
Comparison Metrics for RPL Protocol
- Trust Metrics for RPL Routing
- Power with Residual Energy
- Rate of Congestion among Devices
- Received Signal Strength Indicator Value
- Rate of Traffic Prediction
- Distance Mobility, and also Hop Count
- Traffic Overhead Monitoring and Controlling
- Dynamic Stability Index with Link Quality
- Routing based on Expected Transmission Count Metric
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